Nano Biomedicine
ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Bone Induction by α-tricalcium Phosphate Microparticle Emulsion Containing Simvastatin

Akito TATEYAMA1, Akihito KATO1, Hirofumi MIYAJI1, Erika NISHIDA1, Yasuhiko IWASAKI2, Syuji FUJII3, 4, Kohei KAWAMOTO1, Kanako SHITOMI1, Tomokazu FURIHATA1, Kayoko MAYUMI1, and Tsutomu SUGAYA1

1Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Division of Oral Health Science,
Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
2Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry,
Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Osaka, Japan
3Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering,
Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka, Japan
4Nanomaterials Microdevices Research Center, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka, Japan
Nano Biomed 2017; 9(2): 69-76, (Dec 30, Nano Biomedicine)
Synopsis
To improve the degradability and operability of conventional bone graft materials, we fabricated a water-oil emulsion based on α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) bone paste. Simvastatin, a lipophilic hyperlipidemia treatment agent, reportedly enhances the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 and subsequent bone formation. Accordingly, we assessed the bone forming effects of α-TCP bone-paste containing simvastatin in rat cranial bone defects.
Bone paste exhibited porous structure and generation of hydroxyapatite after solidification. X-ray image analysis and histological examination were carried out after implantation of bone paste into rat skull defect. The results showed that new bone was formed after implantation of bone paste containing simvastatin. In particular, bone volume in the 0.1 mg simvastatin group was significantly promoted when compared to controls (no implantation). No bone paste residue was observed in the bone defect at 4 weeks after surgery. Therefore, α-TCP bone paste containing simvas-tatin is degradable and beneficial for bone tissue engineering.

Key words: α-tricalcium phosphate (TCP), bone tissue engineering, bone paste, water-oil emulsion, simvastatin

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