Nano Biomedicine
ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Phosphate-based Anodic Oxidation Enhances the Surface Bioactivity and Osteogenic Responses of Commercially Pure Titanium

Akane OMORI1, Kayo MIYASAKA1, Yoshiya HASHIMOTO2, Hideaki SATO3, Satoshi KOMASA1


1Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Osaka Dental University, Osaka, Japan
2Department of Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Osaka Dental University, Osaka, Japan
3Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo City University, Tokyo, Japan
Nano Biomed 2026; 18(2): 51-60, (Dec 30, Nano Biomedicine)
Synopsis
This study evaluated the bioactivity of commercially pure titanium surfaces modified by anodic oxidation in phosphoric acid. Anodic oxidation produced a characteristic oxide layer, changed the surface morphology, reduced carbon contamination, and increased phosphorus and nitrogen incorporation. Rat bone marrow cell experiments demonstrated enhanced cell adhesion, alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium deposition, and osteogenesis-related gene expression, including Runx2, ALP, BMP-2, and Bglap, on the anodized titanium surface. These results suggest that phosphate-based anodic oxidation is an effective surface modification technique for improving titanium bioactivity and may contribute to early osseointegration in dental implant applications.

Key words anodic oxidation, phosphatem, bioactivity, rat bone marrow cells, osseointegration
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DOI: 10.11344/nano.18.51

Omori A, Miyasaka K, Hashimto Y, Sato H, Komasa S. Phosphate-based anodic oxidation enhances the surface bioactivity and osteogenic responses of commercially pure titanium. Nano Biomed 2026; 18: 51-60.